Basic grammar

Contracted (short) forms

I AM

I’M

I AM NOT

I’M NOT

YOU ARE

YOU’RE

YOU ARE NOT

YOU AREN’T

HE IS

HE’S

HE IS NOT

HE ISN’T

SHE IS

SHE’S

SHE IS NOT

SHE ISN’T

IT IS

IT’S

IT IS NOT

IT ISN’T

WE ARE

WE’RE

WE ARE NOT

WE AREN’T

THEY ARE

THEY’RE

THEY ARE NOT

THEY AREN’T

*** short forms are used in SPOKEN ENGLISH

SHORT ANSWERS

Are you happy?

Yes, I am.

Are you in Prague?

No, I’m not.

Is she there?

Yes, she is.

Is he at work?

No, he isn’t.

Are they at home?

Yes, they are.

Are they tired?

No, they aren’t.

Possessive pronouns

Personal pronouns

Possessive pronouns

Examples

I

MY

My car is red.

YOU

YOUR

Your house is big.

SHE

HER

Her father is a banker.

HE

HIS

His mother is beautiful.

IT *

ITS

My car is new. Its color is red

WE

OUR

Our flat is small.

YOU

YOUR

Your children are clever.

THEY

THEIR

Their situation isn’t easy.

* “it” is used for “things”, so “table” is “it”, “bag” is “it”

Possessive 's

Anne, her bag >>> Anne’s bag

My father, his car >>> my father’s car

His children, their names >>> his children’s names