Basic grammar
Contracted (short) forms
I AM |
I’M |
I AM NOT |
I’M NOT |
YOU ARE |
YOU’RE |
YOU ARE NOT |
YOU AREN’T |
HE IS |
HE’S |
HE IS NOT |
HE ISN’T |
SHE IS |
SHE’S |
SHE IS NOT |
SHE ISN’T |
IT IS |
IT’S |
IT IS NOT |
IT ISN’T |
WE ARE |
WE’RE |
WE ARE NOT |
WE AREN’T |
THEY ARE |
THEY’RE |
THEY ARE NOT |
THEY AREN’T |
*** short forms are used in SPOKEN ENGLISH
SHORT ANSWERS
Are you happy? |
Yes, I am. |
Are you in Prague? |
No, I’m not. |
Is she there? |
Yes, she is. |
Is he at work? |
No, he isn’t. |
Are they at home? |
Yes, they are. |
Are they tired? |
No, they aren’t. |
Possessive pronouns
Personal pronouns |
Possessive pronouns |
Examples |
I |
MY |
My car is red. |
YOU |
YOUR |
Your house is big. |
SHE |
HER |
Her father is a banker. |
HE |
HIS |
His mother is beautiful. |
IT * |
ITS |
My car is new. Its color is red |
WE |
OUR |
Our flat is small. |
YOU |
YOUR |
Your children are clever. |
THEY |
THEIR |
Their situation isn’t easy. |
* “it” is used for “things”, so “table” is “it”, “bag” is “it”
Possessive 's
Anne, her bag >>> Anne’s bag
My father, his car >>> my father’s car
His children, their names >>> his children’s names