Indicators and trends – Vocabulary and Phrases
be up, go up, mount up, pick up, take off – to move upwards
Her expenses mounted up fast.
be down, drop off, dry up, go down, turn down – to move downwards
We are cutting back production as orders have almost dried up.
bottom out, hold up, level off – to stay in the same position
The fall in sales is beginning to bottom out.
finance – The management of revenues; the conduct or transaction of money matters generally, esp. those affecting the public, as in the fields of banking and investment.
high finance – large-scale financial transactions or institutions
Well, the world of high finance isn't much different. Companies earn money, spend it, and sometimes lose it.
finances – the monetary resources, as of a government, company, organization, or individual; revenue.
This company helps to manage your finances.
economics – financial considerations; economically significant aspects
What are the economics of such a project?
economic – of or concerned with (an) economy
They discussed the country's economic future.
uneconomic – wasteful of resources
economical – inefficient in use of time and effort and materials
I read a guide to an economical use of interior space.
uneconomical – efficient in use of time and effort and materials
economic indicators – figures showing how well a country's economy is working
The purpose of this service is to provide easy access to current Federal economic indicators
inflation – persistent, substantial rise in the general level of prices related to an increase in the volume of money and resulting in the loss of value of currency
In inflation everything gets more valuable except money
inflation rate – the rate of change of prices (as indicated by a price index) calculated on a monthly or annual basis
As an internationally comparable measure of inflation, the CPI shows that the UK inflation rate is above the average for the European Union as a whole.
inflationary – of, pertaining to, reflective of, or causing inflation
What inflationary prices!
the unemployed – people who have no jobs
The government needs to solve the problem of the unemployed.
unemployment – state of having no job
The minister has not studied the recent unemployment figures carefully enough.
balance of payments – A record of all transactions made between one particular country and all other countries during a specified period of time. BOP compares the dollar difference of the amount of exports and imports, including all financial exports and imports. A negative balance of payments means that more money is flowing out of the country than coming in, and vice versa.
The balance of payments (BOP) is one of Australia's key sets of economic statistics
trade balance – The balance of trade (or net exports, sometimes symbolized as NX) is the difference between the monetary value of exports and imports in an economy over a certain period of time.
trade surplus – A positive balance of trade is known as a trade surplus and consists of exporting more than is imported
Japan saw its trade surplus fall in July – the first drop in nine months – as higher fuel prices pushed up the cost of imports.
trade deficit – A negative balance of trade is known as a trade deficit or, informally, a trade gap.
economic output – Economic output is the total annual produce of the economic system.
Economic growth theory predicts that economic output is a function of capital and labour inputs, and that this function is influenced by advances in technology.
Gross domestic product (GDP) – one of the ways for measuring the size of its economy. The GDP of a country is defined as the market value of all final goods and services produced within a country in a given period of time. It is also considered the sum of value added at every stage of production of all final goods and services produced within a country in a given period of time.
1st June 2005, Japan is the second largest economy based on real Gross Domestic Product.
growth – the increase in value of the goods and services produced by an economy
The OECD conducts extensive monitoring and analysis of economic growth.
growth rate – the rate of change of economic increase
demand – the quantity of goods that buyers will take at a particular price.
The graph depicts an increase in demand
supply – the quantity of a commodity that is in the market and available for purchase or that is available for purchase at a particular price.
We carry over 9000 medical supplies and medical equipment.
standard of living – standard of conditions for life in a country
The standard of living in the United States is one of the top 15 in the world by the standard economist measure ofstandard of living.
cost of living – average expenses on living
boom – a period of rapid economic growth, prosperity, high wages and prices, and relatively full employment.
There is a boom in housing construction.
stagnation – a state of inactivity in business
Economic growth of less than 1% per year is considered to be economic stagnation.
depression – period during which business, employment, and stock-market values decline severely or remain at a very low level of activity.
recession – a period of an economic contraction, sometimes limited in scope or duration.
to leap, to jump, to soar – go up quickly
Our business is helping your business soar.
to reach a peak – to go to the highest level
The blogging "trend" could reach its peak in 2007, according to a recent Gartner report.
to reach through – to go to the lowest level
A reach-through license creates royalties to the research tool developer on the sales of products that are discovered or developed through use of the research tool, even though the patented invention is not incorporated into the final product, i.e., the manufacture, use and sale of the final product does not infringe any patents claiming the enabling tool.